Palenquero
Palenquero is a Spanish-African Creole language spoken in Colombia. Is it spoken primarily in the Northern and the Caribbean parts of Colombia; the palenque villages and their diasporas.
| Palenquero | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Colombia |
| Region | San Basilio de Palenque |
| Ethnicity | 7,470 (2005)[1] |
| Native speakers | 2,788 (2005)[2] |
| Language family | Spanish Creole
|
| Writing system | Latin (Spanish alphabet) |
| Official status | |
| Official language in | The Colombian Constitution recognizes minority languages as "official in their territories."[3] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pln |
| Linguasphere | 51-AAC-bc |
 | |
Formation of Palenquero
Palenquero, just like in the other Spanish-Based Caribbean Creoles, has influences from the contact between European masters and African slaves. In the case of Palenquero, it has been accepted that the maroons (escaped slaves) moved in somewhere in the mountains, along with some Native Americans. The maroons had very little contact with their masters, which led to them having to blend their African substrate languages with the Spanish European ones.
African influences
Palenquero has a lot of African influence in its sounds, phonetics, syntax, grammar, vocabulary, and a lot of words.
Vocabulary
- burú-silver, money
- ngombe-cattle
- ngubá-peanut
- posá-house
- tambore-drum
- mai-mother
- bumbilo-garbage
- chepa-clothing
- chitiá-to speak
- ngaina-chicken
- tabáko-cigarette
- hemano-brother
- onde-where
- pueta-door
- ngolo-fat
- flo-flower
- moná-child
- ceddo-pig
- cateyano-Spanish/Castillian
- foratero-outsider
- kusa-thing, stuff
- cuagro-neighborhood cohort
Sample
Lord's Prayer
- Tatá suto lo ke ta riba sielo,
- santifikaro sendá nombre si,
- miní a reino sí, asé ño boluntá sí,
- aí tiela kumo a sielo.
- Nda suto agué pan ri to ma ría,
- peddona ma fata suto,
- asina kumo suto a se peddoná,
- lo ke se fatá suto.
- Nu rejá sujo kaí andí tentasión nu,
- librá suto ri má. Amén.
The African languages that have had the most dominant influence on Palenquero is the languages of the Bantu, specifically the Kongo.
Related languages or dialect
Cuban Creole Oriental is very similar to Palenquero. They even share some words.
Many of the Spanish-based Creoles can be compared to the other Creoles of the Americas, where there has been the blending of African and European languages.
Related pages
References
- ↑ Ministerio de Cultura (2010). "Palenqueros, descendientes de la insurgencia anticolonial" (PDF). p. 1.
- ↑ Ministerio de Cultura (2010). "Palenqueros, descendientes de la insurgencia anticolonial" (PDF). p. 2.
- ↑ Title 1, Article 10. http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/colombia_const2.pdf Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine