Five Crazy Bridges For Animals

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References

Andrews, A. (1990) Fragmentation of Habitat by Roads and Utility Corridors: A Review. Australian Zoologist 26(3): 130-141. http://www.shanespark.com/documents/Andrews%20(1990)%20Fragmentation%20of%20Habitat%20by%20Roads%20and%20Utility%20Corridors%20A%20Review.pdf

Brink, J. (2013) The Barnett site: A stone drive lane communal pronghorn trap on the Alberta Plains, Canada. Quaternary international 29:24–35. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618213000414

Dyer, S.J., O'Neil J.P., Wasel, S.M., and Boutin, S. (2002) Quantifying barrier effects of roads and seismic lines on movement of female woodland caribou in Northeastern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80: 839-845. http://www.legassembly.gov.yk.ca/pdf/rbhf_reid_Dyer_et_al_2002_CJZ.pdf

Forman, R.T. and Alexander, L.E. (1998) Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 207-231. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.207

James, A.R.C. and Stuart-Smith, A.K. (2000) Distribution of caribou and wolves in relation to linear corridors. The Journal of Wildlife Management 64: 154-159. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3802985?uid=3739824&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21104244679461

O'Shea, J.M., Lemke, A.K., Sonnenburg, E.P., Reynolds, R.G., and Abbott, B.D. (2014) A 9,000-year-old caribou hunting structure beneath Lake Huron. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(19): 6911-6915. http://www.pnas.org/content/111/19/6911

Pruett, C.L., Patten, M.A., and Wolfe, D.H. (2009) Avoidance behavior by prairie grouse: Implications for wind energy development. Conservation Biology 23:1253–1259. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19500121

Tyler, N., Stokkan, K.A., Hogg, C., Nellemann, C., Vistnes, A.I., Jeffery, G. (2014) Ultraviolet vision and avoidance of power lines in birds and mammals. Conservation Biology 28(3): 630-631. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12262/full


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Image Credits

Traffic - Wikimedia user Minesweeper
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:I-80_Eastshore_Fwy.jpg

High Tension Power Lines - Andy Beecroft
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Power_in_Abundance_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2163139.jpg

Lesser Prairie Chicken - Greg Kramos / USFWS
http://flickr.com/photos/51986662@N05/7482442008

Greater sage-grouse - USFWS Pacific Southwest Region
http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfws_pacificsw/5162182815/

Fawn Footed Mosaic Tailed Rat - Greg Schechter
http://flickr.com/photos/17004938@N00/3624271309

Sitka Black Tailed Deer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sitka_black_tailed_deer.jpg

Reindeer - Alexandre Buisse
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20070818-0001-strolling_reindeer.jpg

Pronghorn - Yathin Krishnappa
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antilocapra_americana_male_(Wyoming,_2012).jpg

Cow
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow-IMG_2050.JPG

Pipeline
http://pixabay.com/es/alaska-oleoducto-de-alaska-aceite-67304/

Dry Grass Field
http://pixabay.com/es/hierba-viento-naturaleza-207873/

Soccer Field - O'Jay Barbee
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TTU_Women%27s_Soccer_Field.jpg

Footbridge - William Murphy
https://www.flickr.com/photos/infomatique/2735895479/

Wildlife Crossing - Adam Ford
http://liberero.ca/meet-the-fellows/
http://www.highwaywilding.org/

Rope Bridge - Rodney van der Ree / ARCUE
http://arcue.botany.unimelb.edu.au/

Crab Overpass - Parks Australia
http://blog.parksaustralia.gov.au/2013/11/22/split-migration-for-christmas-island-red-crabs/

White tailed deer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:White-tailed_deer.jpg

Angola Colobus - Ryan E. Poplin
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Angola_Colobus_Watching.jpg

Elephant Underpass - Jason Straziuso / AP

Salmon Cannon - Whooshh Innovations
http://www.fastcoexist.com/3034549/ka-pow-watch-these-fish-cannons-shoot-salmon-safely-over-dams

Grassland - Wikimedia user Scottthezombie
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AntelopeValleyCAgrassland.JPG