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Illustration of what Epictetus might have looked like. This is a frontispiece of a book from the 17th century, containing a Latin translation of a work by Epictetus. The Greek inscription is from the Palatine Anthology. It says "I was Epictetus the slave, and not sound in all my limbs, and poor as Irus, and beloved by the gods." (Irus was a beggar in the Odyssey.)

Epictetus was an Ancient Greek philosopher. He was born in Hierapolis, Phrygia around 55 AD. The name his parents gave him is unknown; the word epíktetos (επίκτητος) in Greek simply means "acquired." He spent his youth as a slave in Rome to Epaphroditos, a rich freedman and secretary to Nero. The city was near the modern-day town of Pamukkale in Turkey. He died around 135 AD in Nikopolis in Epirus, in Greece. He was one of the most influential philosophers of the late Stoa. Epictetus founded a school of philosophy, where he also taught. None of his writings survive, but one of his pupils, Arrian, wrote what Epictetus taught.