This Lab-Grown Brain Made A Muscle TWITCH, Here’s How

Growing brains can be a tricky process, but growing ones that can make muscles move? That's an incredible feat. Here's how scientists did it.

How Close Are We to Farming Human Body Parts? - https://youtu.be/oRHxX9OW9ow

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Cerebral organoids at the air-liquid interface generate nerve tracts with functional output
https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/cerebral-organoids-at-the-air-liquid-interface-generate-nerve-tracts-with-functional-output/
"The capacity for this model to be used to investigate the way in which neurons connect up within the brain and with the spinal cord could have important implications for our understanding of a range of diseases. In particular defects in neuronal connectivity are thought to underlie various psychiatric illnesses, including schizophrenia, autism, and depression. "

Cerebral organoids at the air–liquid interface generate diverse nerve tracts with functional output
https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/s41593-019-0350-2
"Finally, through electrophysiological and co-culture studies, we demonstrate functionality of these tracts, which are even capable of eliciting coordinated muscle contractions in co-cultured mouse spinal cord–muscle explants. This approach is likely to be a useful new tool, not only because of its ease, but also due to its util-ity in studying axon guidance, tract formation, and connectivity in a human system"

What's Wrong With Growing Blobs of Brain Tissue?
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/what-happens-as-we-get-better-at-artificially-growing-brains/558881/
"The stuff we really care about in the brain, like consciousness, are emergent phenomena—they arise from the collective workings of individual neurons, which create a whole that’s greater than the sum of its parts. The problem is that we don’t know at what level these phenomena emerge. A neuron is not conscious. A person is. What about all the steps in the middle? What about 2 million neurons? 20 million? 200 million?"

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