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Parts of speech are types of word in grammar. There are many different word categories: they are called 'lexical categories'. The most common are these:
Part of Speech | Function | Example Words | Example Sentence(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Verb | Identifies an action or state. | (to) be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must | London is a big city. I like London. | A verb has a subject, which is a noun performing the action. Some verbs also have an object, which receives the action. |
Noun | Identifies a person, place or thing. | pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John | New York City is very beautiful. | Proper nouns are a type of noun that refers to something individual. Two proper nouns are New York City and the name Amelia. Proper nouns are capitalized. Other nouns are called common nouns. |
Adjective | Describes a noun. | good, big, red, interesting | The cat is black and white. | |
Adverb | Describes a verb, adjective or adverb. | quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really | The giraffe eats slowly, but when he is very hungry, he eats really quickly. | Slowly describes the verb eat, very describes the adjective hungry and really describes the adverb quickly. |
Pronoun | Replaces a noun. | I, you, he, she, some, it | She is very good at playing the piano. | |
Preposition | Links a noun to another word. | to, at, after, on, under | The dog is under the table. The man ran over the bridge. | Under links the noun dog to the noun table. Over links the verb ran to the noun bridge. |
Conjunction | Joins clauses, sentences or words. | and, but, when, or | I like apples and oranges, but I don't like grapes. | |
Determiner | Helps refer to a noun. | the, a, an, my, your,this, that | There is a drink on the table. It is my drink. | |
Interjection | Short exclamation. | oh!, ouch!, hi! | Ouch! That really hurt! |