How Big Is The Universe?

Is the Universe infinite? Or does it somehow fold in on itself? And if so in what shape? Join us today as explore the size of the Universe. Written and presented by Prof David Kipping, with special thanks to cosmologist Prof Colin Hill for fact checking.

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Thank-you to our supporters T. Widdowson, D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, M. Lijoi, Z. Star, T. Zanjonc, C. Wolfred, F. Rebolledo, L. Skov, E. Wilson, M. Elliot, B. Daniluk, J. Patrick-Saunders, M. Forbes, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, V. Alexandrov, L. Macchia, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, H. Jensen, F. Linker, J. Rockett, N. Fredrickson, B. Mlazgar, D. Holland, J. Alexander, E. Hanway, J. Molnar & I. Sandaljian.

::References used::
Levin, J. (2001), "Topology and the Cosmic Microwave Background", Phys. Rep., 365, 251: https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0108043
de Bernardis et al. (2000), "A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation", Nature, 404, 955: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0004404v1
Bennett et al. (2013), "Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results", ApJS, 208, 20 https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJS..208...20B/abstract
Planck Collaboration et al. (2020), "Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters", A&A, 641, 60
Park, J. (1970), "The concept of transition in quantum mechanics", Fo. of Phys., 1, 23: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970FoPh....1...23P/abstract [also https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.06910]

::Music::
Music licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], or via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), or with permission from the artist
Joachim Heinrich - Y
Falls - Ripley
Falls - Life in Binary
Chris Zabriskie - Neptune Flux 1
Chris Zabriskie - Cylinder Four
Chris Zabriskie - Cylinder Five
Stephen Keech - Fable
Painted Deserts - Shimmer
Brad Hill - Fragmented [https://open.spotify.com/track/39M7ddbgjg1GUVGb4OFLox?si=486c05a6b799440b]

::Video clips used::
Zoom out through space by ESO/L. Calçada/M. Kornmesser/spaceengine.org
Deep field flythrough by ESO/M. Swinbank/Instit. Comp. Cosmology/Durham U
JWST animations by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Jupiter telescope images by J. W. Astronomy
Parallax demonstration by ESA/Gaia/DPAC
Galaxy merger animation by ESO/M. Kornmesser
Expanding universe animation by M. Kornmesser/L. Calcada/NASA/ESA/Hubble
Cosmological simulation by K. Dolag/Deutsches Museum/Universe Cluster
Planck mission animation by ESA
Expanding horizon animation by ESA/www.worldwidetelescope.org
Recombination clip I by R. Kaehler/M. Alvarez/Tom Abel/KIPAC/CITA/Stanford
Recombination clip II by ESO/L. Calcada
WMAP animation by NASA/WMAP Science Team
Planck animation by ESA
Janna Levin footage by The Aspen Institute
Snake footage by Matthias L
Pacman footage by Old Classic Retro Gaming
2-torus animation by V. Borrelli/S. Jabrane/F. Lazarus/D. Rohmer/B. Thibert: http://hevea-project.fr/ENPageToreImages.html
Multiverse animation by Science Time

::Quotes used::
Intro quote from Prof. Janna Levin
Outro quote taken from "The Laughing Heart" by Charles Bukowski

::Film/TV clips used::
Ad Astra (2019) - 20th Century Fox
Agora (2009) - Newmarket Films
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007) - Warners Bros. Pictures
Cosmos (1980) - PBS
A Beautiful Mind (2001) - Universal Pictures
Passengers (2016) - Sony Pictures Releasing
Interstellar (2014) - Paramount Pictures
The Time Machine (2002) - DreamWorks Pictures
Logan (2017) - 20th Century Fox
Vanilla Sky (2001) - Paramount Pictures
The Theory of Everything (2014) - Focus Features
Prometheus (2012) - 20th Century Fox
Oblivion (2013) - Universal Pictures
Star Trek: The Next Generation - Paramount
Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017) - Walt Disney Studio Motion Pictures
The Matrix (1999) - Warner Bros.
Somewhere in Time (1980) - Universal Pictures
Into the Wild (2007) - Paramount Vantage
Charlie St. Cloud (2010) - Universal Pictures
The Grey (2011) - Open Road Films
The English Patient (1996) - Miramax Films
Her (2013) - Warner Bros. Pictures
Arrival (2016) - Paramount Pictures
Avengers: Endgame (2019) - Walt Disney Studio Motion Pictures

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THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

#InfiniteUniverse #HowBigIsTheUniverse #CoolWorlds