The Palm Oil Catastrophe

The history of palm oil production and how it lead to a climate catastrophe.

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Sources

Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/319/5867/1238

Beneficial Biofuels—The Food, Energy, and Environment Trilemma
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/325/5938/270

Global human appropriation of net primary production doubled in the 20th century
https://www.pnas.org/content/110/25/10324.short

Biofuels and the need for additional carbon
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024007/meta

Correcting a fundamental error in greenhouse gas accounting related to bioenergy
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421512001681

Avoiding bioenergy competition for food crops and land
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Bioenergy: how much can we expect for 2050?
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/031004/meta

Do biofuel policies seek to cut emissions by cutting food
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.897.7180&rep=rep1&type=pdf

High carbon and biodiversity costs from converting Africa’s wet savannahs to cropland
https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2584

Biofuels: environmental consequences and interactions with changing land use
https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10025405904/

Cropbased biofuels and associated environmental concerns
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Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from soy-based US biodiesel when factoring in emissions from land use change
https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/49099/files/Estimating%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emissions%20from%20Soy-based%20US%20biodiesel%20when%20Factoring%20in%20Emissions%20from%20Land%20Use%20Change.pdf

Highland cropland expansion and forest loss in Southeast Asia in the twenty-first century
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0166-9

Replanting of firstcycle oil palm results in a second wave of biodiversity loss
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.5218

Biodiversity Impacts of Some Agricultural Commodity Production Systems
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Is oil palm agriculture really destroying tropical biodiversity?
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Understory Vegetation in Oil Palm Plantations Benefits Soil Biodiversity and Decomposition Rates
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2018.00010/full

Establishing the evidence base for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function in the oil palm landscapes of South East Asia
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rstb.2011.0041

Systematic review of effects on biodiversity from oil palm production
https://environmentalevidencejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2047-2382-3-4

Palm oil and biodiversity
https://www.iucn.org/resources/issues-briefs/palm-oil-and-biodiversity